Syntagm: a linguistic unit consisting of a set of linguistic forms (phonemes, words, or phrases) that are in a sequential relationship to one another.

 E.g: "No matter how strictly a case is argued - scientifically, philosophically, or legally - it will always be a story, an interpretation of some aspect of the world that is historically and culturally grounded and shaped by human personality". - Walter Fisher

 

Metonymy: the substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant, for example suit for business executive, or the track for horse racing.

E.g:
The Oval Office was busy in work. (“The Oval Office” is a metonymy as it stands for people at work in the office.)

 

Decoded: a text that the receiver must interpret.

E.g:
"A genuine leader is not a searcher for consensus but a molder of consensus." MLK

meaning setting goal, and working toward them if you need to decode it.